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What goes up must come down: dynamics of type 1 interferon signaling across the lifespanType 1 interferons (T1IFNs) are typically expressed in low concentrations under homeostatic conditions, but upon pathogenic insult or perturbation of the pathway, these critical immune signaling molecules can become either protectors from or drivers of pathology. While essential for initiating antiviral defense and modulating inflammation, dysregulation of T1IFN signaling can contribute to immunopathology, making it and its associated pathways prime targets for immune evasion and disruption by pathogens.
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Reduced forced vital capacity in Aboriginal Australians: Biology or missing evidence?This editorial article addresses chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung function testing in Aboriginal Australians.
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Prevention of rheumatic heart disease in New Zealand: High-dose subcutaneous benzathine penicillin is cost-saving compared with traditional intramuscular injectionsAcute rheumatic fever is a preventable condition that can lead to chronic illness and early death. Standard prevention with 4-weekly intramuscular (IM) benzathine penicillin G (BPG) injections for ≥10 years may be associated with poor adherence. High-dose 10-weekly subcutaneous penicillin injections (SCIP) may improve adherence by reducing injection frequency.
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Converting the maybes: Crucial for a successful COVID-19 vaccination strategyBroad community acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccination will be critical for effectively halting the spread of the virus. In this study, we focus on factors that differentiate those who are undecided from those who are either willing or unwilling to accept a prospective COVID-19 vaccine. An online survey in May 2020 assessed Australian adults' willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine (yes, maybe, no). A multinomial logistical regression of responses (N = 1,313) was used to identify correlates of vaccine willingness between the three groups.
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Impaired Cytokine Responses to Live Staphylococcus epidermidis in Preterm Infants Precede Gram-positive, Late-onset SepsisLate-onset sepsis (LOS) with Staphylococcus epidermidis is common in preterm infants, but the immunological mechanisms underlying heightened susceptibility are poorly understood. Our aim is to characterize the ontogeny of cytokine responses to live S. epidermidis in preterm infants with and without subsequent Gram-positive LOS.
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Surveillance of antenatal influenza vaccination: Validity of current systems and recommendations for improvementAlthough influenza vaccination is recommended during pregnancy as standard of care, limited surveillance data are available for monitoring uptake.
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The stark reality of rheumatic heart diseaseThis editorial refers to ‘Characteristics, complications, and gaps in evidence-based interventions in rheumatic heart disease: the Global Rheumatic Heart...
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Application of a marginal structural model and simulation of a cash transfer programmeParental investments in children are an important determinant of human capability formation.
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A PCR-high-resolution melt assay for rapid differentiation of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus haemolyticusWe have developed a PCR-high-resolution melt (PCR-HRM) assay to discriminate nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) colonies from Haemophilus haemolyticus
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Consensus guidelines for the treatment of invasive mould infections in haematological malignancy and haemopoietic stem cell transplantationEvidence-based recommendations for the antifungal management of common, rare and emerging mould infections in both adult and paediatric populations
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Insights into the possible role of IFNG and IFNGR1 in Kala-azar and Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis in Sudanese patientsUniformly low expression of IFN and IFNGR1 in PKDL skin biopsies could explain parasite persistence
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Are there differences in the behavioural phenotypes of Autism Spectrum Disorder probands from simplex and multiplex families?Behavioural differences in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder from simplex and multiplex families
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Early mortality and primary causes of death in mothers of children with intellectual disability or Autism spectrum disorderMothers of children with intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have poorer health than other mothers.
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Prevalence and determinants of influenza vaccine coverage at tertiary pediatric hospitalsThis study aimed to examine the uptake of influenza vaccination amongst a cohort of Australian children and factors associated with vaccine acceptance.