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The study of temperament in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has the potential to provide insight regarding variability in the onset, nature, and course of both core and co-morbid symptoms. The aim of this systematic review was to integrate existing findings concerning temperament in the context of ASD. Searches of Medline, PsychInfo and Scopus databases identified 64 relevant studies. As a group, children and adolescents with ASD appear to be temperamentally different from both typically developing and other clinical non-ASD groups, characterized by higher negative affectivity, lower surgency, and lower effortful control at a higher-order level.

While early exposure to alcohol may influence the development of facial structures, it does not appear to be associated with ASD phenotypic variability

In this population-based cohort that included 2,084 children with autism aged ≤6 years, over one-third met the criteria for motor difficulties

An increased prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among children of immigrant backgrounds has been observed

A pre-emptive intervention for the autism spectrum disorder prodrome had no immediate treatment effect on early autism spectrum disorder symptoms

Anxiety and sleep problems may be an early indicator of autism in young children and early autistic traits may also contribute to anxiety problems later in childhood

Mothers of children with autism without ID had increased risk of cancer, which may relate to common genetic pathways

Reported practice of some professionals in Australia may not be consistent with international best practice guidelines for ASD diagnosis

Strictly defined cases of social (pragmatic) communication disorder and specific language impairment can be distinguished from autism spectrum disorder

Increases in ASD was not only limited to advancing paternal or maternal age alone but also to differences parental age including younger or older similarly age