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Research

Laryngeal reflex responses in pediatric anesthesia

Laryngeal and respiratory reflexes are vitally important defense mechanisms against foreign body aspiration, safeguarding airway patency, and ventilation

Research

The incidence of sore throat and group A streptococcal pharyngitis in children at high risk of developing acute rheumatic fever: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis has traditionally been considered the sole precursor of acute rheumatic fever (ARF). Evidence from Australia, however, suggests that GAS skin infections may contribute to the pathogenesis of ARF.

Research

Caregiver-perceived racial discrimination is associated with diverse mental health outcomes in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged 7-12 years

Exposure to racial discrimination in Aboriginal children increased the risk for a spectrum of interrelated factors linked to negative mental health

Research

A model of population dynamics with complex household structure and mobility: implications for transmission and control of communicable diseases

Households are known to be high-risk locations for the transmission of communicable diseases. Numerous modelling studies have demonstrated the important role of households in sustaining both communicable diseases outbreaks and endemic transmission, and as the focus for control efforts. However, these studies typically assume that households are associated with a single dwelling and have static membership.

Research

Does Child Care in the First Year of Life Pose a Risk for Concurrent and Future Ear Infections?

The longitudinal analyses found no evidence of increased (or decreased) long-term risk of ear infections in subsequent waves associated with attending a child care centre

Research

Association of Genetic and Environmental Factors with Autism in a 5-Country Cohort

Based on population data from 5 countries, the heritability of ASD was estimated to be approximately 80%

Research

Birth seasonality and risk of autism spectrum disorder

In the first multinational study of birth seasonality of autism spectrum disorder, there was evidence supporting the presence of seasonal trends in Finland and Sweden

Research

Changing Prevalence of Lower Airway Infections in Young Children with Cystic Fibrosis

Aspergillus species and P. aeruginosa are commonly present in the lower airways from infancy

Research

Molecular Epidemiology of Noninvasive and Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections in Cape Town

There is low coverage of the multivalent M protein vaccine in our setting, emphasizing the need to reformulate the vaccine to improve coverage

Research

Western oropharyngeal and gut microbial profiles are associated with allergic conditions in Chinese immigrant children

Distinct differences in microbiome compositions were found in both oropharyngeal and fecal samples of Australian Chinese and Chinese-born Chinese children