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There is increasing international interest in place-based approaches to improve early childhood development (ECD) outcomes. The available data and evidence are limited and precludes well informed policy and practice change. Developing the evidence-base for community-level effects on ECD is one way to facilitate more informed and targeted community action.

Wellbeing and mental health are fundamental rights of children and adolescents essential for sustainable development. Understanding the epidemiology of child and adolescent wellbeing is essential to informing population health approaches to improving wellbeing and preventing mental illness.

Mental health and well-being during childhood and adolescence have been shown to impact on health, educational attainment and employment in adulthood.1–3 Although health and education systems worldwide have long recognized the importance of promoting student well-being,4–6 population-wide monitoring of well-being remains uncommon.

The aim of this study is to compare temperament scores from the original Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire against scores from a large...

Relative risks of developmental vulnerability for each week of gestation were calculated with adjustment for confounders and addressing missing information.

Parental investments in children are an important determinant of human capability formation.

This paper describes the Australian Early Development Index, a developmental census conducted by the Australian Government across the entire population of...

Socio-environmental factors, including the neighbourhoods in which children live and grow, are key determinants of children's developmental outcomes.

This study used population-based record linkage to examine the association between early life risk factors and academic achievement.

Measuring social inequalities in health is common; however, research examining inequalities in child cognitive function is more limited.